Abstract
Risk assessment and the idea of risk have a long history. Risk assessment and risk management procedures have changed from generation to generation since then. The risk area has two main responsibilities: (I) use risk assessments and risk management to study and address the risk of specific activities (e.g., the operation of an installation or an investment); and (II) conduct generic risk research and development, including concepts, theories, frameworks, approaches, principles, methods, and models to understand, assess, characterize, communicate, and (broadly) manage risk. The Generic Part (II) introduces the concepts and techniques for assessment and management that may be used to the evaluation and management of individual challenges (I). We conclude that there is still some shakiness in the scientific foundations for risk management, which implies that both theoretical and practical work is based on perspectives and notions that might lead to serious errors by decision-makers, such as perception/attitude.
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